新辅助放化疗联合根治性手术是局部进展期直肠癌[T3～T4和(或)N1～N2]的标准治疗模式,20％左右的患者能获得病理完全缓解及更好的预后.选择出真正适合放化疗的患者有利于指导其个体化治疗,避免治疗过度.对放化疗后的疗效进行评价有助于下一步治疗方案的确立,影像学及病理学评价仍是目前最为主要的评价方式.%Neoadjuvant chemoradiation combined with radical surgery has been established as the standard care for locally advanced rectal cancer (T3-T4 and/or N1-N2).Approximately 20％ patients who achieve complete pathological response have an improved prognosis.Appropriate patient selection may help avoid over-treatment.Evaluation of treatment response mostly with imaging study and pathology after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and following surgery is essential for the subsequent selection of treatment strategy.
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