目的：研究高校贫困生的人格特征，为对其心理援助提供依据。方法采用卡特尔16PF 人格问卷，按照分层（年级*专业）随机抽样的原则，对高校1836名在校贫困生进行群体心理测评，有效测试1635人。结果与全国常模比较，除忧虑性人格因素外（M女＝12.48＞12.35，P ＜0.05），男女贫困生在15种主要人格因素上得分均显著低于全国常模；在8项次元人格因素上，男女贫困生均在适应与焦虑型（M＝6.87，6.78＞5.40，P ＜0.01）、感情用事与安详机警型（M＝5.87，5.64＞5.51，P ＜0.05）2个人格因素上得分显著高于全国常模。贫困生与非贫困生在“有恒性”（t ＝－3.453，P ＜0.05）、“敏感性”（t ＝3.958，P ＜0.01）、“怀疑性”（t＝2.404，P ＜0.05）、“幻想性”（t ＝3.115，P ＜0.05）4个主要人格因素以及“感情用事与安详机警型”（t ＝－3.466，P ＜0.05）、“专业有成就者的个性因素”（t ＝－2.658，P ＜0.05）、“在新的环境中有成长能力的个性因素”（t ＝－3.705，P ＜0.01）3个次元人格因素上差异有统计学意义。贫困生一方面在“专业有成就者的个性因素”、“创造能力”、“独立性”、“外向性”、“聪慧性”、“敢为性”、“心理健康水平”、“稳定性”等人格特征上得分偏低（Y2≤55；Y3≤77；Q2、X2、B、H、C≤3；Y1≤12），需要改善；另一方面在“怀疑性”、“忧虑性”、“自律性”等人格特征上得分偏高（L、O、Q3≥8），需要调整。贫困大学生中典型的焦虑型（18.8％）、内向型（27.9％）、安详机警型（17.1％）、怯懦型（6.6％）等人格特点者人数多于典型的适应型（3.8％）、外向型（3.3％）、感情用事型（5.3％）、果断型（2.1％）等人格特点；贫困生在不同性别、不同生源地、独生子女与否之间部分人格特征差异有统计学意义。结论贫困大学生人格特征独居特点，且性别、地域差异、家庭环境是重要的影响因素。%Objective To investigate personality characteristics of impoverished college students,and provide a scientific reference for aiding in psychology.Methods Using a hierarchical sampling method (Grade * professional),the psychological test was performed among 1836 impoverished college students by Cattell’s 16 personality factor Questionnaire (16PF),valid test number was 1635 people and the results were statistically analyzed.Results Compared with the nation-wide norm,the scores of 15 major personality factors in impoverished college students were significantly lower than the na-tional norm,except anxiety (Mfemale =12.48 >12.35,P <0.05).Two dimensional personality factors scores,adaptability and anxiety (M=6.87,6.78 >5.40,P <0.01),impetuous behavior and calmness alertness (M=5.87,5.64 >5.51, P <0.05)were significantly higher than those of the national norm.The differences between impoverished college students and non impoverished college students in perseverance (t =-3.453,P <0.05 ),sensitivity (t =3.958,P <0.01 ), suspicion (t =2.404,P <0.05 ),fantasy (t =3.115,P <0.05 ),impetuous behavior and calmness alertness (t =-3.466,P <0.05),specialty achievement (t =-2.658,P <0.05),a growing capacity in the new environment (t =-3.705,P <0.01)were significant.The scores of specialty achievement,creativity,radicalism,intelligence,conform-ity,psychological health and stability were lower and need to be improved (Y2≤55;Y3≤77;Q2,X2,B,H,C≤3;Y1≤12).The scores of sensitivity,shrewdness and self-discipline were higher and need to be adjusted (L,O,Q3≥8). The percentages of impoverished university students in anxiety (18.8%),introversion (27.9%),vigilant (17.1%), timid type (6.6%) were higher than that of adaptive type (3.8%),export-oriented (3.3%),impetuous behavior (5.3%),decisive type (2.1%).There were significant differences in some personality characteristics between gender, urban and rural students,only child and non-only child.Conclusion The personality characteristics of impoverished col-lege students had special character,and gender,regional differences,family environment all were important effect factor.
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