目的 了解我国职业人群亚健康的发生情况及其影响因素,为开展有针对性干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,分别在北京、河北、吉林、湖北、宁夏、甘肃6个省(自治区、直辖市)各选取1～2个市(区),抽取公务员、教师、科技人员、企事业管理人员和体力劳动者5类职业人群15 213人进行问卷调查.结果 共收回有效问卷14 990份.在被调查人群中,有3977人(26.53％)被二级以上医院诊断为患有明确疾病,9876人(65.88％)为健康者,有1137人(7.59％)为亚健康者.根据亚健康判断标准,将明确被诊断为患者的人群予以排除,还有11 013名调查对象,亚健康的发生率为10.51％.不同职业人群亚健康的发生率不同,企业管理人员的亚健康发生率最低,为6.80％,然后依次为科技人员(6.96％)、公务员(7.71％)、体力劳动者(11.88％),教师的亚健康发生率最高,为17.88％ (P ＜0.01).男性的亚健康发生率为9.74％,低于女性的10.90％ (P ＜0.05).高龄组亚健康发生率高于低龄组(P＜0.01).婚姻状况中,未婚者亚健康发生率为5.90％,明显低于其他婚姻状况者(P＜0.01).家庭人均月收入低于1000元者的亚健康发生率为13.59％,明显高于收入高的家庭(P＜0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、教师职业为亚健康发生的危险因素；家庭人均收入为保护因素.结论 不同人口学特征的人群间,亚健康发生率不同.教师是亚健康的高危人群,应开展有针对性的、个性化的亚健康干预措施.%Objective To learn the subhealth prevalence status and relevant influence factors among five occupational populations of six provinces in China in order to provide the basis for formulating intervention strategies. Methods Five occupational populations, a total of IS 213 subjects, from civil servants, teachers of elementary and high schools, technical staff, enterprise managers and physical labourers, aged 18 to60 years, were selected in Beijing, Hebei Province, Jilin Province, Hubei Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Cansu Province of China by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Questionnaires survey was conducted during investigaion. 14 990 valid questionnaires were collected. Results Among 14 990 respondents, there were 3977 subjects suffering from specific disease ( accounted for 26. 53% ) , 9876 healthy people (65. 88% ) and 1137 subhealthy people (7. 59% ). According to the subhealth definition criteria, people suffering from disease were excluded. 11 013 respondents rested were the subjects. Incidence rate of subhealth was 10. 51%. The subhealth incidence rate were different in different occupational populations (P <0. 01 ). The subhealth incidence rate of enterprise managers was the lowest (6. 80% ). The subhealth incidence rate of teachers was the highest (17. 88% ). The subhealth incidence rates of technical staff, civil servants, and physical labourers were 6. 96% , 7. 71% and 11. 88% respectively. The prevalence rate of female was 9. 74% , higher than that of male (10. 90% , P < 0.05 ). The higher the age, the higher the subhealth incidence rate ( P < 0. 01). The unmarried population had the lowest accidence rate than others (5. 90% , P <0. 01). Those whose household income per month were below 1000 yuan had the highest prevalence rate 13. 59% than those whose household income per month were above 1000 yuan (P <0. 01). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, educational levels, occupation were risk factors, while the household income was the protect factor. Conclusion The subhealth accidence rate was different in different characteristic populations. Teacher was the high risk occupation. The target-oriented measurements should be taken as early as possible.
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