目的 探讨产前尼古丁暴露(PNE)对子代成年大鼠心功能的影响.方法 雌性SD大鼠随机分为PNE组和对照组,皮下植入渗透微型泵,于妊娠期全期分别持续泵入尼古丁(8 mg·kg-1·d-1)或生理盐水.观测其子代大鼠体重、心脏重量、血压和心率的变化.采用超声心动图检查子代心脏结构和功能,采用心导管检查评估左心室和大动脉血流动力学.结果 PNE组子代大鼠的体重、心脏体重比、心率、血压、室间隔舒张期厚度(SWTd)、左心室后壁舒张期厚度(LVPWTd)、左心室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期直径(LVESD)等指标,与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).雄性子代大鼠左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)(0.37 cm±0.11 cm比0.59 cm±0.09 cm,P＜0.05)和每搏量(SV)(0.26 ml±0.03 ml比0.35 ml±0.03 ml,P＜0.05)显著低于对照组,而雌性子代大鼠LVEDV和SV值与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).PNE组子代大鼠中心动脉收缩压(CSBP)和舒张压(CDBP)均略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).雌、雄性PNE子代左心室内压力升高最大速率(+dP/dt㈣)与对照组相比均显著增加(P均＜0.05),而左心室内压力降低最大速率(-dP/dtmax)均显著降低(P均＜0.05),其中雄性子代-dP/dtmax降低尤为明显.结论 PNE可诱导子代成年期大鼠心功能异常,表现为舒张功能损伤、收缩功能保留甚至代偿性升高,出现明显低心排量表现,该效应以雄性子代尤为明显,呈现性别依赖现象.%Objective To investigate the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on cardiac function in adult offspring rats.Method The female SD rats were randomly divided into PNE group and control group,and continuously exposed to either nicotine (8 mg · kg-1 · d-1) or saline via subcutaneous osmotic mini pumps throughout gestation.The body weight,heart weight,blood pressure and heart rate were observed in their offspring.The cardiac structure and function of the offspring were examined by echocardiography,and the hemodynamics of left ventricle and aorta was evaluated by cardiac catheterization.Results There was no significant difference in the weight,heart/body weight ratio,heart rate,blood pressure,diastolic thickness of ventricular septal (SWTd),left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness (LVPWTd),left ventricular diastolic end diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular systolic end diameter (LVESD) of the offspring rats between the PNE group and the control (all P ＞ 0.05).The left ventricular diastolic volume (LVEDV) (0.37 cm ± 0.11 cm vs 0.59 cm ± 0.09 cm,P ＜ 0.05) and stroke volumn (SV) (0.26 ml ± 0.03 ml vs 0.35 ml ± 0.03 ml,P ＜ 0.05) in the male PNE offspring rats were significantly lower than those in the control,but there was no significant difference in the female offspring.The central arterial systolic pressure (CSBP) and diastolic pressure (CDBP) in the PNE group were slightly higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+ dp/ dtmax) increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),while the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decrease (-dp/dtmax) significantly reduced (all P ＜ 0.05) in both female and male PNE offspring with a particularly prominent reduction in the male.Conclusion PNE can induce abnormal cardiac function in adult offspring rats,which is characterized by diastolic function injury,with preserved or even compensatory elevated systolic function,and significant decreased cardiac output performance.These effects of PNE were particularly apparent in the male offspring and displayed a gender related manner.
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