Objective To explore the value of identifying various of blood disease with megakaryocyte streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (SAP) method.Methods Bone marrow smears were stained with SAP in 6,286 samples, including both normal controls and patients with blood diseases.Results There are signiifcant differences in the amount and the positive rate of lymphoid micromegakaryocytes in the samples of malignant hemopathy, anaemic blood diseases and normal bone marrow smear. In the samples of malignant hemopathy, the amount and the positive rate of lymphoid micromegakaryocytes in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) are signiifcantly different than in the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia.Conclusion The appearance of lymphoid micromegakaryocytes in megakaryocyte SAP process commonly indicates that the patients have CML, MDS and acute leukemia, malignant hemopathy etc. This method is helpful in distinguishing CML, MDS andmalignant hemopathy from nonmalignant hematologic diseases.%目的：探讨巨核细胞链霉卵白素-碱性磷酸酶（SAP）法染色对于相关血液病鉴别的诊断价值。方法对正常骨髓象及多种血液病共6,286例的骨髓涂片进行SAP法染色。结果恶性血液病组、良性血液病组及正常对照组的淋巴样小巨核细胞数量及淋巴样小巨核细胞检出率差异均具有统计学意义。在恶性血液组中，慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）组淋巴样小巨核细胞数量及淋巴样小巨核细胞检出率与骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）组、急性白血病组差异有统计学意义。结论 SAP法染色出现的淋巴样小巨核细胞更多见于CML、MDS和急性白血病等恶性血液病，有助于与其他贫血性良性血液病的鉴别。
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