Objective To analyze the influencing factors for fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),and provide basis for taking preventive and control measures.Methods Clini-cal data of 112 inpatients with AIDS in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2010 to October 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,related risk factors were analyzed in patients with fungal infection,univariate analysis was performed byχ2 or t test,and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 112 AIDS inpatients,41 (36.61%)had fungal infection.Candida albicans was the main pathogen (n=52, 76.74%)and was mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (n=29,42.65%).Univariate analysis showed that invasive procedures,duration of antimicrobial use,combined antimicrobial use,and decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients(all P<0.05),while oral cleaning care and systemic antiviral therapy were protective factors for fungal infection(all P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood(OR,1.017[95% CI,1.009-1.025])and combined antimicrobial use(OR,3.975[95%CI,1.093-14.448])were independent risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients,while systemic antiviral therapy was independent protective factor for fungal infection (OR, 0.288[95%CI,0.099-0.841]).Conclusion There are many factors influencing fungal infection in AIDS patients, rational use of antimicrobial agents,systemic antiviral therapy,and increasing serum albumin concentration are main methods to prevent fungal infection,avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and application of preventive antifungal therapy for high-risk patients are also effective to prevent fungal infection.%目的 分析艾滋病住院患者真菌感染的影响因素,为采取预防控制措施提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月—2015年10月某三甲医院112例艾滋病住院患者的临床资料,对发生真菌感染的患者进行相关危险因素分析,单因素分析采用χ2或t检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归分析.结果 共有艾滋病住院患者112例,41例合并真菌感染,感染发病率为36.61%.感染菌株以白假丝酵母菌为主(52株,76.47%);主要分离部位为下呼吸道(29株,42.65%).单因素分析结果显示:侵入性操作、抗菌药物使用时间、联用抗菌药物、外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数下降等4个因素是艾滋病住院患者真菌感染的危险因素(均P<0.05),而口腔清洁护理和系统性抗病毒治疗是真菌感染的保护因素(均P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示:外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数降低(OR=1.017,95%CI:1.009-1.025)和联用抗菌药物(OR=3.975,95%CI:1.093-14.448)为艾滋病住院患者真菌感染的独立危险因素,而系统抗病毒治疗(OR=0.288,95%CI:0.099-0.841)为独立保护因素.结论 艾滋病患者真菌感染的影响因素较多,规范合理使用抗菌药物、系统性抗病毒治疗、提高血清清蛋白浓度是预防真菌感染的主要手段,避免不必要的侵入性诊疗操作和对真菌感染的高危患者预防性抗真菌治疗也是预防真菌感染的有效方法.
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