Objective To explore clinical features and antimicrobial resistance of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S .pneumoniae)isolated from children in Nanjing.Methods Clinical data of children with confirmed S .pneumoniae LRTI through sputum culture at a children’s hospital in Nanjing between July 2013 and June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,S .pneumoniae strains were performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing through K-B method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)testing.Results Among 197 children with S .pneumoniae infection,72.59% were <3 years old,63.96% occurred in autumn and winter, 57.87% had elevated leukocyte count,cough and fever were the most common clinical symptoms,complications of digestive and circulatory system were also common.The resistance rates of S .pneumoniae to azithromycin, penicillin,and erythromycin were 94.92%, 92.98%, and 88.83% respectively; the sensitivity rates to vancomycin,chloramphenicol,meropenem,ceftriaxone,and ofloxacin were all > 90%,vancomycin was up to 98.98%.Conclusion The percentage of S .pneumoniae LRTI is high in children < 3 years old,most occur in autumn and winter,resistance rates to azithromycin,penicillin,and erythromycin are all high,antimicrobial agents should be selected for the treatment of infection according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.%目的：分析南京地区下呼吸道肺炎链球菌（SP）感染患儿的临床特征及耐药性。方法回顾性分析2013年7月—2014年6月南京某儿童医院经痰培养确诊为下呼吸道 SP 感染的患儿临床资料，对菌株进行药物敏感试验和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）检测。结果197例 SP 感染患儿，＜3岁者占72．59％，秋冬季发病者占63．96％，外周血白细胞升高者占57．87％，临床表现以咳嗽、发热多见，呼吸系统外并发症以消化系统和循环系统多见。SP对阿奇霉素、青霉素及红霉素耐药率分别为94．92％、92．89％、88．83％；对万古霉素、氯霉素、美罗培南、头孢曲松、氧氟沙星敏感率均＞90％，其中对万古霉素敏感率高达98．98％。结论下呼吸道 SP 感染患儿以 3岁内婴幼儿所占比例高，秋冬季节发病多见，对阿奇霉素、青霉素和红霉素耐药率高，临床上应根据药敏结果选择用药。
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