目的：探讨 X 线胸片肺气肿征对婴儿支气管炎的诊断价值。方法对2010年1月—2014年12月某院门诊就诊的60例支气管炎患儿（病例组）的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并与同期非呼吸系统症状就诊的30例患儿（对照组）的临床资料对比分析。结果病例组共60例患儿，对照组共30例患儿。病例组95．00％（57／60）支气管炎患儿 X 线胸片具有肺气肿表现，其中18．33％（11／60）患儿表现为轻度肺气肿（肺尖或肋间肺膨出），76．67％（46／60）患儿表现为典型肺气肿（膈肌下降）；对照组患儿 X 线胸片表现为肋间肺膨出1例（3．33％），其余29例（96．67％）均为正常婴儿 X 线胸片，未观察到肺气肿相关 X 线胸片征象。X 线胸片肺气肿征诊断婴儿支气管炎的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为95．00％、96．67％、95．56％。结论 X 线胸片肺气肿征对婴儿支气管炎具有重要的诊断价值。%Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of chest X-ray film of pulmonary emphysema (PE)signs for infantile bronchitis.Methods Clinical data of 60 infants with bronchitis (case group)in a hospital between Janu-ary 2010 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with data of 30 infants with non-respira-tory diseases (control group).Results Of 60 infants with bronchitis in case group,95.00%(57/60)showed mani-festations of PE on X-ray,and 18.33% (11/60)of whom were with mild PE(apical or intercostal pneumocele), 76.67%(46/60)were with typical PE (diaphragm descent);one case (3.33%)in control group showed intercostal pneumocele,the other 29 cases (96.67%)were normal X-ray findings and without signs of PE.The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PE signs on chest X-ray film for diagnosing infantile bronchitis were 95.00%,96.67%, and 95.56% respectively.Conclusion Signs of PE on chest X-ray film have important diagnosis value for infantile bronchitis.
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