Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing lower re-spiratory tract (LRT)infection in an intensive care unit (ICU),and provide reference for empiric therapy. Methods 2 613 pathogenic strains isolated from LRT of patients in an ICU in 2011-2015 were performed statistic and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis.Results Of 2 613 strains,2 308(88.33% )were gram-negative bacteria, 236(9.03% )were gram-positive bacteria,and 69(2.64% )were fungi. The top 5 pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,and Serratia marcescens, accounting for 33.64% ,16.42% ,15.19% ,7.35% ,and 4.90% respectively. Resistance rates of Acinetobacterbau-mannii to most antimicrobial agents were>75.00% ,resistance rate to imipenem was 80.32% ;resistance rates of Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Klebsiellapneumoniae,and Serratiamarcescens to imipenem were 16.08% -34.38% , to amikacin,cefepime,and piperacillin/tazobactam were all<30.00% . Susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin and linezolid were both 1 00 . 00% . Resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus heamolyticus to oxacillin were 81 .77% and 100.00% respectively.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens isolated from LRT in ICU patients,and non-fermentative bacteria ranked the first. Antimicrobial resist-ance are serious for most pathogens,antimicrobial agents should be chosen rationally according to antimicrobial sus-ceptibility testing results.%目的：了解重症医学科（ICU ）下呼吸道感染病原体分布及耐药性，为临床经验性治疗提供参考。方法对2011—2015年某院ICU下呼吸道标本分离的2613株病原体进行统计及药敏分析。结果2613株病原体中革兰阴性菌2308株（88．33％），革兰阳性菌236株（9．03％），真菌69株（2．64％）。居前5位的病原体依次是鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及黏质沙雷菌，分别占33．64％、16．42％、15．19％、7．35％和4．90％。鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗菌药物耐药率＞75．00％，其中对亚胺培南耐药率为80．32％；铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及黏质沙雷菌对亚胺培南耐药率为16．08％～34．38％，对阿米卡星、头孢吡肟和哌拉西林／他唑巴坦耐药率＜30．00％。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素和利奈唑胺100．00％敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌对苯唑西林耐药率分别为81．77％和100．00％。结论 ICU下呼吸道感染分离的病原体以革兰阴性菌为主，其中非发酵菌分离率居首位。大多数细菌耐药现象严重，临床应参照药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物。
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