Objective To investigate the influencing factors for post-discharge treatment compliance of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods MDR-TB patients who were hospitalized in a tubercu-losis hospital between November 2011 and January 2013 were chosen,post-discharge follow-up was conducted regu-larly through telephone call.Medicine-taking and re-examination of patients was inquired,factors influencing pa-tients’treatment compliance were analyzed.Results 299 patients were included in the study,the total treatment compliance rate was 81 .94% (n=245);249(83.28%)patients regularly took medicine,50(16.72%)didn’t regu-larly take medicine;254 (84.95%)were re-examined on time,45 (15.05%)were not re-examined on time;37 (12.37%)discontinued treatment,260 (86.96%)continuously treated till the survey deadline.Univariate analysis revealed that treatment compliance (including regular medication rate,timely re-examination rate,interrupted treat-ment rate,and total compliance rate)was significantly different among MDR-TB patients of different ages,education levels,treatment time,and with or without adverse reactions(all P <0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients was negatively correlated with treatment time(β=-1 .47,Wald χ2=24.28,P <0.05)and adverse reactions(β=-2.02,Waldχ2 =24.24,P <0.05 ),while positively correlated with education levels(β=0.79,Wald χ2 =6.50,p <0.05 ).Conclusion Prolonged treatment time and adverse reactions can reduce the treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients,the higher education levels of MDR-TB patients have, the better treatment compliance they implement.%目的：探讨耐多药结核（MDR-TB）病患者出院后治疗依从性的影响因素。方法选择2011年11月—2013年1月到某结核病医院住院治疗的 MDR-TB 病患者，出院后定期对患者进行电话回访，询问患者服药、复查等情况，分析影响 MDR-TB 病患者治疗管理依从性的因素。结果299例患者纳入研究，治疗总依从率为81．94％（245例）；规律服药者249例（83．28％），服药不规律者50例（16．72％）；按时复查者254例（84．95％），未按时复查者45例（15．05％）；中断治疗者37例（12．37％），调查截止日仍在继续治疗者260（86．96％）。单因素分析显示：治疗依从性（包括规律服药率、按时复查率、中断治疗率和总依从率）在不同年龄、文化程度、治疗时间，以及有无不良反应的 MDR-TB 病患者中存在差异（均 P ＜0．05）。logistic 回归分析显示：MDR-TB 病患者治疗依从性与治疗时间（β＝－1．47，Waldχ2＝24．28，P ＜0．05）和不良反应（β＝－2．02，Waldχ2＝24．24，P ＜0．05）呈负相关，而与文化程度呈正相关（β＝0．79，Waldχ2＝6．50，P ＜0．05）。结论治疗时间延长和发生不良反应会降低 MDR-TB 病患者治疗依从性，文化程度越高的 MDR-TB 病患者治疗依从性越好。
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