目的：了解儿童医院不同科室医院感染现状，为有效防控儿童医院感染提供科学依据。方法采取床旁调查与住院病历调查相结合的方法，对2012—2014年每年某一日的住院患者进行医院感染现状调查，并对3年的调查资料进行统计分析。结果2012—2014年各年度医院感染现患率分别为6．52％、5．59％、5．85％，差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1．02，P ＝0．60）；3年平均医院感染现患率5．98％，各科室平均医院感染现患率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝291．83，P ＜0．001），医院感染现患率居前4位的科室为血液内科（27．49％）、心胸外科（21．13％）、新生儿重症监护室（NICU，16．43％）、儿科重症监护室（PICU，12．76％）；主要感染部位依次为下呼吸道（58．44％）、上呼吸道（22．63％）、胃肠道（6．58％）；在检出的医院感染病原菌构成中，排在首位的是肺炎克雷伯菌（32株，占28．32％），其次为鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠埃希菌（各9株，各占7．96％），铜绿假单胞菌（7株，占6．19％）。结论重点加强医院感染高危科室的防控干预对降低儿童医院感染率具有重要意义。%Objective To investigate healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in different departments in a children’s hos-pital,and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of HAI in children.Methods By bed-side visiting and medical record reviewing,survey on HAI prevalence rate was conducted among hospitalized patients in a given day in 2012, 2013,and 2014 respectively,and surveyed data of three years were analyzed.Results HAI prevalence rates in 2012,2013, and 2014 were 6.52%,5.59%,and 5.85% respectively,there was no significant difference (χ2 =1.02,P =0.60);the average HAI prevalence rate in three years was 5.98%,there was significant difference in average HAI prevalence rate among different departments(χ2 =291.83,P <0.001 ),the top 4 departments of HAI prevalence rate was hematology (27.49%),cardiothoracic surgery (21.13%),neonatal intensive care unit (16.43%),and pediatric intensive care unit (12.76%);the main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (58.44%),upper respiratory tract (22.63%),and gas-trointestinal tract (6.58%);the main pathogens causing HAI was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=32,28.32%),followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n=9,7.96%),Escherichia coli (n=9,7.96%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=7,6.19%). Conclusion Strengthening prevention and control intervention of HAI in high risk departments has important significance to reduce the incidence of HAI in children’s hospital.
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