Objective To analyze pharmacologic action features of single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver based on literature; To provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.Methods Animal research literature about single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver in CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP from January 2003 to December 2014 was retrieved by computers. The number of single Chinese herbal medicine and the pharmacologic action features of active ingredients (or extracts) were statistically concluded. Results A total of 279 articles were retrieved, including 67 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine, among which 8 were used to treat AFLD, 45 were used to treat NAFLD, and 14 were used to treat AFLD and NAFLD simultaneously. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for AFLD mainly included reducing lipid, protecting liver, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for NAFLD had the effects of improving insulin resistance additionally.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of AFLD and NAFLD shows significant efficacy, having the features of multiple pathways and liver damage resistance, which provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.%目的：基于文献统计分析单味中药有效成分治疗脂肪肝的药理作用特点，为进一步研究及临床治疗脂肪肝提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库（CNKI）、万方数据库、中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）2003年1月－2014年12月报道的单味中药治疗脂肪肝动物研究文献，统计治疗脂肪肝的中药味数，归纳单味中药有效成分（提取成分、水煎剂）的药理作用特点。结果检出符合标准文献279篇，共涉及药物67味，其中用于治疗酒精性脂肪肝（AFLD）的药物8味，治疗非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的药物45味，同时治疗AFLD及NAFLD的药物14味；治疗AFLD药理作用以调节血脂、保护肝脏、抗氧化、抗炎为主，治疗NAFLD药理作用尚有改善胰岛素抵抗的作用。结论中药治疗AFLD与NAFLD疗效显著、多种作用途径、抗肝损伤特点，可为临床治疗脂肪肝提供参考。
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