Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine pre-treatment on pneumonocyte apoptosis and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups by random number table method: sham operation group, I/R model group, dexmedetomidine low dose group and dexmedetomidine high dose group, 10 rats per group. Hepatic artery was ligated and cut off by "two cuff method", and the portal vein was completely opened after donor liver transplanted into the recipient, thus, a hepatic I/R model was established. The perihepatic ligaments of rats were just separated after laparotomy in sham operation group and no other special treatment was performed. One hour prior to I/R, dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2.5μg·kg-1·h-1 and 5.0μg·kg-1·h-1, respectively, were pumped intravenously and finished within 1 hour in the rats of low dose group and high dose group. After experiment, the lung tissue was taken, and the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio was determined. Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed and alveolar damage index of quantitative assessment (IQA) was tested by light microscope, and changes of ultrastructure of lung tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expressions of CHOP were detected respectively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot. The apoptosis in lung tissue was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared to sham operation group, the lung W/D ratio (4.94±0.84 vs. 2.29±0.54), IQA [(40.52±5.15)% vs. (4.55±1.85)%] and AI [(36.57±5.85)% vs. (2.85±0.95)%] in I/R model group were significantly higher (allP < 0.01); remarkable injury of lung tissue was confirmed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope in the I/R model group. Compared to I/R model group, the W/D ratio (3.29±0.85, 2.68±0.78 vs. 4.94±0.84), IQA [(23.69±2.62)%, (15.86±3.61)% vs. (40.52±5.15)%] and AI [(25.73±3.71)%, (14.66±2.61)% vs. (36.57±5.85)%] in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups were markedly lower (allP < 0.01); under light and transmission electron microscopes, the injury of lung tissue in these two dose groups was notably alleviated. There was a large amount of apoptotic cells of pulmonary vascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium in I/R model group, while the cell apoptosis was distinctly decreased in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups compared to that in model group. Compared to sham operation group, the expressions of CHOP mRNA [absorbance (A) value: 0.96±0.18 vs. 0.43±0.08] and protein (gray scale: 2.79±0.74 vs. 1.02±0.27) were significantly higher in I/R model group (bothP < 0.01). Compared to I/R model group, the expressions of CHOP mRNA (A value: 0.69±0.13, 0.56±0.12 vs. 0.96±0.18) and protein (gray scale: 1.96±0.58, 1.34±0.49 vs. 2.79±0.74) were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups, the decrease in dexmedetomidine high dose group being more marked (allP < 0.01).Conclusion The pretreatment of dexmedetomidine can protect lung tissue against I/R injury during liver transplantation in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the suppression of CHOP activation and alleviation of lung tissue cell apoptosis.%目的 探讨右美托咪定预处理对大鼠原位移植肝缺血/再灌注(I/R)所致急性肺损伤(ALI)中细胞凋亡及CCAAT增强子结合蛋白(C/EBP)同源蛋白(CHOP)的作用.方法 选择雄性SD大鼠40只,按随机数字表法分为假手术组、I/R模型组、右美托咪定低剂量组和右美托咪定高剂量组,每组10只.采用二袖套法结扎并切断肝动脉,供体肝脏移植入后即可完全开放门静脉复制肝I/R模型;假手术组开腹后只游离肝周韧带,不进行其他特殊处理;右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组分别于I/R前1 h静脉泵注右美托咪定 2.5μg·kg-1·h-1和5.0μg·kg-1·h-1,1 h内完成.实验结束后留取肺组织,检测肺组织湿/干质量(W/D)比值;光镜下观察肺组织病理学变化并进行肺泡损伤定量评估(IQA),电镜下观察肺组织超微结构变化;反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CHOP mRNA表达水平;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测CHOP的蛋白表达水平;原位末端缺刻标记法(TUNEL)检测肺组织细胞凋亡情况,并计算凋亡指数(AI).结果 与假手术组比较,I/R模型组肺W/D比值(4.94±0.84比2.29±0.54)、IQA〔(40.52±5.15)%比(4.55±1.85)%〕和AI〔(36.57±5.85)%比(2.85±0.95)%〕均明显升高(均P<0.0l);光镜和电镜下均显示肺组织结构发生明显的损伤.与I/R模型组比较,右美托咪定低剂量组和右美托咪定高剂量组肺W/D比值(3.29±0.85,2.68±0.78比4.94±0.84)、IQA〔(23.69±2.62)%,(15.86±3.61)%比(40.52±5.15)%〕 和AI〔(25.73±3.71)%,(14.66±2.61)%比(36.57±5.85)%〕均明显降低(均P<0.01),光镜和电镜下可见肺组织结构损伤明显减轻.I/R模型组有大量肺血管内皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞发生凋亡,而右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组细胞凋亡则明显减少.与假手术组比较,I/R模型组CHOP mRNA〔吸光度(A)值:0.96±0.18比0.43±0.08〕及蛋白(灰度值:2.79±0.74比1.02±0.27)表达水平均明显升高(均P<0.01).与I/R模型组比较,右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组CHOP mRNA(A值:0.69±0.13、0.56±0.12比0.96±0.18)及蛋白(灰度值:1.96±0.58、1.34±0.49比2.79±0.74)表达水平均明显降低,且以高剂量组的降低更显著(均P<0.01).结论 右美托咪定对移植肝I/R肺组织具有保护作用,该作用可能与其抑制CHOP的活化、减少肺组织细胞凋亡有关.
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