This research introduces the software and hardware design of an image processing system based on the System On Programmable Chip(SOPC) technology. This system adopts FPGA as the Video signal acquisition control module, using the internally embedded NIOS II soft-core microcontroller of FPGA as the image processing unit. Aiming at the infrared dim-small target with sky background, a novel image pre-processing algorithm is proposed based on morphological and combination of bionics. The proposed algorithm based on mathematical morphology filter used the principle of solid visual budge of human eye to enhance targets and suppress background which adopts the adaptive threshold segmentation method to detect the target. According to the results after the hardware implementation, this system is apparently real-time, the performance of the image processing is effective and the target detecting is accurate. The effectiveness and real-time characters of the algorithm is proved.%介绍了基于可编程片上系统SOPC技术的图像处理系统的软硬件设计,系统采用FPGA作为视频信号采集控制模块,利用FPGA内建NIOSⅡ软核微控制器作为图像处理单元.针对天空背景下红外弱小目标,提出了一种基于形态学和仿生学相结合的图像预处理算法,该算法在基于数学形态学滤波的基础上利用人眼固视微动辨别信息的原理对图像进行背景抑制和目标增强；采用自适应阈值分割法确定目标.硬件实验结果表明系统实时性好,图像处理效果良好,目标检测率高,验证了预处理算法的有效性和实时性.
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