Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)presented on the surface of host innate immune cells recognize the patho-gen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)of Cryptococcus neoformans after the invasion,which will trigger downstream sinaling pathways and activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)in immune cells,ultimately initiating innate and adaptive im-munity,inducing the release of correlative inflammatory factors,activating adaptive immune cells such as Th1,Th2,Th1 7 cells,recruiting macrophage to eliminate Cryptococcus neoformans .Deep insights into PRRs and downstream pathways will contribute to obtain an overall understanding of immune adjustment and provide superior clinical therapys.%新生隐球菌感染机体后,经固有免疫细胞表面的模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)识别病原相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs),引发下游的信号传导通路,激活核因子 NF-κB,进而启动固有免疫和适应性免疫,诱导相关炎症因子的生成,活化 Th1、Th2、Th17等适应性免疫细胞,同时募集巨噬细胞吞噬清除隐球菌。目前对隐球菌模式识别受体的种类及功能仍有待探索,对其下游信号传导通路的研究需深入,充分研究模式识别受体和下游信号传导,将对隐球菌病的免疫调节和临床治疗提供思路。
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