A 11-year-old patient showed acute nephritic syndrome with nephrotic range proteinuria, positive antistreptolysin 0 liters, and hypocomplementemia. The first renal biopsy was performed. On light microscope, the histological pattern was endocapillary proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis;on IF, there was typical high-intensity staining for C3,with weaker staining for lgA,IgM and Clq; and on electron microscop,there were subepithelial deposits, frequently exhibiting a ' hump-shaped' appearance, mesangial and subendothelial electron-dense deposits. He was treated with immunosuppressive agent for one year. The repeat renal biopsy showed that endocapillary proliferative and exudative lesions were improved and mild mesangial proliferative lesion was still present. The patient was diagnosed with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis eventually.%11岁男性患者,临床表现为急性肾炎综合征伴大量蛋白尿、抗链球菌溶血素“0”(ASO)升高和补体下降等；肾脏病理组织学见肾小球毛细血管内增生及渗出性病变；免疫荧光染色见C3强阳性沉积于肾小球系膜区和血管袢,同时伴IgA、IgM、C1q沉积；电镜见“驼峰”及系膜区、内皮下电子致密物沉积.行免疫抑制剂治疗,1年后重复肾活检示肾脏病变较前明显减轻,仅见肾小球轻度系膜增生性病变.该患者最终诊断为急性感染后肾小球肾炎.
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