分析了我国铝土矿中一水硬铝石和铝硅酸盐脉 石矿物的晶 体结构与表面性质。 一水硬铝石与铝硅酸盐脉石矿物晶体结构的差异、 表面断裂的Al—O 和Si—O键及表面离子活性区的差别， 可影响矿物表面的润湿性与可浮性， 类质同象及各 种晶 格杂 质离子也将影响浮选剂与矿物表面的相互作用和矿物可磨性。 提出了正浮选、 反浮选铝硅 分 离的技术原型， 用溶液化学计算研究了其基本原理。 结果表明： 通过溶液化学计算可 确定 阴离子捕收剂正浮选脱硅时捕收剂， 分散剂和pH三者之间的匹配关系； 矿物的PZC与捕收 剂的pKa值是阳离子捕收剂反浮选的主要控制参数； 阴离子捕收剂反浮选时， 铅盐 和钙盐是浮选 铝硅酸盐较理想的活化剂。%The crystal structure， wettability and floata bility of diaspore and ot her gangues like kaolite， illite and pyrophyllite were discussed. Differe nc es of wettability and floatability between diaspore and aluminium silicate miner als are due to the differences of crystal structure between diaspore and alumini um silicate minerals， and of the part Al—O， Si—O bonds， and the metal io ns on th e surface of the minerals. The technological schemes of direct- or reverse-flo ta tion separation of aluminum-silicate minerals from bauxite were suggested. The fu ndamentals involved the technologies were studied. The relationship of coll ectors, dispersant and pH can be determined by solution chemical calculation in the d irect flotation of bauxite by anionic collectors. The PZC of minerals and the p K a of collectors are the dominating control parameter in the reverse flotation by cationic collectors. The lead salt and calcium salt are effective activators in the metal ions activation flotation by the anionic collectors.
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