@@ 动物细胞在低渗环境中容积胀大时可以发生保护性的调节性容积减小(regulatory volume decrease,RVD),K+通道的开放所介导的K+外流是这一过程的重要机制[1].然而,由于研究技术和方法的限制,对于离子通道活动的研究往往会破坏细胞的完整性和调节能力,因此RVD过程中整体细胞水平的K+通道活动调节仍需进一步探讨.而在已经充分掌握单个K+通道特性的基础上,可以将不同的调节因素加以整合,构建RVD过程中整体细胞水平K+通道活动的调节网络.许多动物细胞的RVD过程中存在胞浆Ca2+浓度和pH值的改变,本文就这一变化的发生机制及其对RVD过程中K+通道活动的调节作用作一综述.%It has been widely appreciated that animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease( RVD ) after swell in a hypotonic environment. Activation of K+ channels is crucial in the process of self -protection. There are a characterized increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and a decrease in pH in the process of RVD in many cell types. Ca2+ entry via transient receptor potential( TRP ) channel is crucial for the cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase, which in turn induces the decrease in pH. The increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and decrease in pH activate or inhibit the activity of K + channel, respectively. In this review, the regulatory network at cellular level between cytoplasmic Ca2+ and pH, and the modulation of K + channels by Ca2+ and pH in the process of RVD are discussed.
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