MicroRNA ( miRNA) is a family of 19 - 24 nucleotides small non - coding RNA in eukaryotic organisms , which can regulate genes at the post - transcriptional level. miRNA has been shown to be involved in a variety of cellular processes such as development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis etc, and is closely related to the oncogene-sis. Recent study indicates that several miRNAs play an important role in initiation and progression of hematological malignancies. miRNA expression profiling has identified signatures associated with diagnoses, prognoses and therapy of hematological malignancies. The review discusses miRNA and its biogenesis, functional mechanisms and potential role in the diagnosis , prognoses and therapy of hematological malignancies.%@@ 动植物中广泛存在着一种大小约19-24个碱基的非编码单链小分子RNA,即microRNA(miRNA),随着生物信息学和基因克隆技术的迅猛发展, 现已在人类发现541个 miRNA,记录于miRNA数据库(http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk).miRNA 在物种进化中高度保守,其表达具有组织特异性和时序特异性.研究表明,miRNA 参与生命过程中一系列的重要进程, 包括早期发育、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、死亡、免疫调节和脂肪代谢等.
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