南极和北极是地球上的气候敏感地区,也是研究全球变化的关键区域.中国的南极和北极实地科学考察研究,分别始于20世纪80年代和90年代.作为国家行为,到2010年底,已经组织了27次南极考察、4次北极北冰洋考察和7次北极陆地考察;在南北极建立了4个科学考察站、5个(中澳/中美)合作自动气象站;初步形成了以有人考察站、无人自动气象站和"雪龙"号科学考察破冰船为主体的极地科学考察研究硬件支撑体系.极地气象科学考察研究是近30年来在我国有较大进展的科学研究领域,通过研究对极地与全球变化的关系有了初步认识.特别是在揭示南北极地区气候变化的时空多样性;建立极地考察的业务天气预报系统;诊断和模拟极地海冰变化特征;研究极地不同下垫面的大气边界层特征和中山站大气臭氧总量变化特征;探讨极地大气环境特征变化对东亚环流和中国天气气候的可能影响等方面取得了重要进展.在南北极地区,进一步加强国际合作,完善气象科学研究体系;监测大气要素的变化,提高极地气象业务水平;拓展极地气象科学考察研究领域,积极获取气候代用资料;认识极地在全球变化中的作用,为国民经济可持续发展提供科学支撑;仍是我国极地气象科学与全球变化研究的重要内容.%Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive regions in global climate change, and also the key regions of global change research. The great progress on scientific investigation and research of atmosphere in polar region has been made in recent 30 years. Through the research, the primary understanding to the relation between polar region and global change was derived. Especially the space time variety of climate change of Antarctic and Arctic regions is disclosed. Operational weather forecast system of polar region investigation was established. Sea ice Change and impact on atmosphere of polar region are diagnosed and simulated.Parameterization of atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers of, and change of atmosphere ozone in the polar region are discussed. The possible impact on change of atmospheric environment of polar region to circulation of east Asia and climate of China has been studied with great progress.
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