Sea ice is an important climatic variable, and in situ observations of sea ice are critical to obtaining characteristic parameters and furthering sea-ice research. This paper focuses on the development and application of polar buoys for sea-ice research and deployment on sea ice. The workings of the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) and the International Programme for Antarctic Buoys (IPAB) are presented, and system characteristics and technical features of polar sea-ice buoys are described on the basis of monitoring the physical parameters of sea ice, air and upper ocean with seven typical buoys. The future directions and trends of polar sea ice buoys are reviewed in terms of technological developments, research interest and recent application.%海冰是气候系统的一个重要组成要素,原位观测是获取海冰特征参数以及开展海冰变化研究的重要手段.本文主要对以海冰为目标和平台的极地浮标的发展与应用进行综合阐述,简述了国际北极浮标计划和国际南极浮标计划的发展情况,以七种常用的浮标对极区海冰、大气和上层海洋等物理参数的监测为例归纳总结了海冰浮标的系统特性和技术特点,最后结合近年海冰浮标的应用情况,从技术发展和研究目标等方面讨论了极地海冰浮标未来发展的方向与趋势.
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