为了实现舰载天线的可视化分析与设计，采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)建立了细同轴天线的电磁模型，并基于此模型设计了100～400MHz舰载单极套筒天线。通过仿真计算研究了天线几何参数对天线电性能的影响，仿真结果表明该天线具有宽频带特性，但驻波比在高频段不够理想，因此进一步对天线顶端进行了阻抗加载。研究表明，在天线增益不高的前提下该加载方法有效地将驻波比控制在2.5以下。文中所采用的天线建模、设计、仿真以及电抗加载方法，对舰载天线的优化设计与电磁兼容分析均有一定的参考意义。%To carry out visual analysis and design of shipboard antenna, the mathematic and physical model of thin sleeve monopole antenna was established based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. By this model, a shipboard monopole sleeve antenna working at 100 MHz-400 MHz was designed. The effects of geometrical parameters on the electrical property of antenna were analyzed numerically. The simulation results showed that the antenna was kind of broadband, but the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) was not good enough in high frequency range, and impedance loading technique for the top antenna was introduced. The simulation results demonstrate that the broadband is constrained below 2.5 without gain reduction of antenna. The modeling, design, simulation and impedance loading technique employed in the paper are beneficial to the optimum design and EMC analysis of shipboard antennas.
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