Intracranial and extracranial arterial dissection and dissecting aneurysm prevail in young patients, more occur spontaneously, and etiology is not clearly understood. The physiopathological mechanism is unreversable inner membrane and internal elastic layer injuries of arterial wall. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) increases the occurrence of intracranial and extracranial arterial dissection and dissecting aneurysm and implies a new study trend. This paper reviews the etilogy, physiopathological mechanisms, pathological classiifcation and current status and prospective of extracranial arterial dissection and dissecting aneurysm.%颅内外动脉夹层和夹层动脉瘤多见于青年，自发性多见，病因目前不甚明确。内膜和内弹力板的不可逆损伤可能是脑动脉夹层形成的病理学基础。高分辨率磁共振成像的出现提高了颅内夹层及夹层动脉瘤的检出率，为此类疾病的病因和病理生理机制提供了新的研究方向。本文综述了颅内外动脉夹层及夹层动脉瘤的病因、发病机制、病理类型及目前现状与展望。
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