微小核糖核酸(micro-ribonucleic acids,miRNAs)是一种基因编码长度约22个核苷酸的非编码单链核糖核酸(ribonucleic acids,RNA)分子,通过介导信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)降解或转录抑制来调控蛋白质合成.miRNAs不仅与神经细胞发育、分化及生理功能密切相关,而且在脑缺血缺氧后表达发生上调或下调,直接影响到下游蛋白质合成,并且与缺血耐受也有直接关系.通过对脑缺血缺氧后表达发生改变的miRNAs进行调控,可能为卒中的治疗开启一条新途径.%As gene-coded non-coding ribonucleic acids with the length of about 22 nucleotides, micro-ribonucleic acid(miRNAs) widely involved in the regulation of mRNA translation and proteins synthesis. This article mainly reviews researches focusing on the function of miRNAs in stroke. miRNAs play critical roles in normal brain development and function and their expression changes when cerebral ischemia occurs. These changes have direct relationship with pathophysiologic process downstream and ischemic tolerance. Studies of miRNAs function will help in developing potential stroke therapies through the modulation of miRNAs.
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