The cerebellum is not only associated with the motor, but also the cognitive functions of the non-motor. Vascular cognitive impairment is one of the most important branches among the cognitive function disorder. It has close relations with the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease and old ages. The damage of the nerve cell and nerve ifber bundle caused by cerebral ischemia is the main pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. The strategic positions associated with vascular cognitive impairment include the frontal lobe (especially the prefrontal cortex), anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampal gyrus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, parietal lobe (especially the gyrus angular of dominant hemisphere), and temporal cortex, most of which are associated with the cerebellum through the ifbers. This article reviews the recent studies about the modular organization and function of the cerebellum, and its relationships with vascular cognitive impairment, to investigate the role of each anatomic site of the cerebellum on vascular cognitive impairment.%小脑不仅与运动有关，而且也参与非运动的认知功能。血管性认知功能障碍是认知功能疾病中的一个重要分支，其主要与脑血管病危险因素及高龄有关。脑组织缺血导致的神经细胞及神经纤维束损害是血管性认知功能损害的主要发病机制，其关键部位在额叶（尤其是前额区）、前扣带回、海马回、下丘脑、基底节、顶叶（特别是优势半球角回）和颞叶等，这些部位多数与小脑存在纤维联系。本文综述了近年来对小脑各部分组件式结构和功能，及其与血管性认知功能损害关系等方面的研究，探讨小脑在血管性认知功能损害中的作用。
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