Objective: To compare the outcome of non-operative treatment with the outcome of surgical intraventricular drainage for patients with posttraumatic hydrocephalus including complications, mortality and favorable outcome. Methods: Thirty-nine patients were assigned to a nonoperative treatment group and 38 patents to a surgical intraventricular drainage group. Each patients outcome was evaluated 3 years after treatment by using Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results: In the nonoperative treatment group the rate of favorable outcome (good recovery or mild disability) was 89.74% (35 of 39 patients) and the mortality was 2.56% (1 of 39 patients). In the surgical intraventricular drainage group the rate of favorable outcome was 71.05% (27 of 38 patients) and the mortality was 13.16% (5 of 38 patients; P<0.05). Mortality was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Nonoperative treatment may be better than surgical intraventricular drainage for patients with posttraumatic hydrocephalus.
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