目的 调查中国城市0~6岁儿童血铅水平,为制定防治铅污染、保护儿童健康的政策提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,2015年5至8月在全国18个中心城市采集0~6岁儿童末梢血21463份,用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平,同时进行问卷调查,并采用多元回归方法进行结果分析.结果 中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为35.35 ± 1.87μg/L,血铅水平大于100μg/L占1.07%.男童的血铅水平均值(36.62μg/L)高于女童血铅水平均值(33.62μg/L).母亲低学历、常吸吮手指、常啃指甲、每周服用中草药、共同居住者的工作与铅有关、男孩、基本不洗手或有时洗手等是铅中毒的危险因素,而母亲年龄对儿童铅中毒有保护作用(OR=0.981~1.343,均 P<0.05).结论 中国儿童血铅水平已有所下降,但仍高于发达国家,需要引起政府和全社会的重视.%Objective To investigate the blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0—6 years old in China and to provide data for making policy on preventing environmental lead pollution and promoting children's health.Methods Stratified clustered-random sampling method was used.Totally 21 463 peripheral blood samples of 0—6 years old children from 18 cities in China were tested.Tungsten atomizer absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determined the blood lead 1evel.Related factors were also studied using a standardized questionnaire.Data were analyzed with multiple regression analysis.Results The mean blood lead level of 0—6 years old children from 18 cities in China was 35.35 ± 1.87μg/L,and 1.07% of the children had blood lead level higher than 100μg/L.The blood lead level of boys(36.62μg/L)was higher than that of girls(33.62μg/L).Factors of mother's education level,sucking fingers frequently,biting nail,taking herb medicine weekly,and profession of co-resident were related with blood lead levels.Boys,not washing hands or rarely washing hands were risk factors of lead poisoning.But maternal age was a protectively factor for children lead poisoning(OR value ranged 0.981—1.343,all P<0.05).Conclusion The blood lead levels of children in China are lower than before,but they are still higher than those in the developed countries,which suggests that the government and the whole society should be aware of the problem on blood lead level among children.
展开▼
