目的：调查西安高校教职工初产妇产后非意愿妊娠率和结局，以及避孕知识、需求及方法选择情况，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷，选择西安市4所非医学类本科高校教职工中2014年11月至2015年10月分娩的初产妇，于产后42天进行问卷调查其避孕知识与态度，于产后1年电话随访其避孕方法和非意愿妊娠情况，并进行分析。结果该时间段内分娩的初产妇共计277例，有效随访率为95．7％；调查对象对宫内节育器和安全套避孕法知晓率接近100％，但安全套正确用法知晓率仅为39．6％，其它避孕方法知晓率不足80％；对口服避孕药避孕法和口服药物紧急避孕混淆率高达77．7％；对自然分娩和剖宫产后放置宫内节育器的时间及哺乳期避孕法了解不足10％；绝大多数被调查者表示需要医务人员指导产后避孕知识；被调查者产后1年内意外妊娠率为9．4％。结论西安高校教职工初产妇产后避孕知识及方法认知水平较低且不全面，产后1年内意外妊娠发生率高达9．4％。多数初产妇对医务人员指导产后避孕知识需求迫切。医院、社区妇保及计划生育部门应加大健康教育指导水平和力度。%Objective To investigate the unexpected pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcomes of primiparous college faculties in Xi ’ an as well as the contraceptive knowledge , demand and choice of contraceptive methods , so as to provide basis for formulating interception measures.Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among primiparous college faculties in 4 non-medical colleges. They all delivered during November 2014 to October 2015.Their contraceptive knowledge and attitude were investigated by questionnaires at 42 days postpartum , and their contraceptive methods and unwanted pregnancy were followed up 1 year after delivery .Results There were 277 primiparas in this period , and the effective rate of follow-up was 95.7%.Awareness rate of intrauterine device ( IUD) and condom contraception was almost 100%, but the awareness rate of correct use of condom was 39.6%and that of other contraceptive methods was less than 80%.Of the subjects, 77.7% confused emergency contraception with oral administration of drug from oral administration of contraceptives.Less than 10%of them knew the right time of placing IUD after natural delivery or cesarean section and contraception at lactation.The majority of respondents said that they needed postpartum contraceptive knowledge from medical staff .Up to 9.4% of respondents experienced unexpected pregnancy within 1 year after childbirth .Conclusion Knowledge about postpartum contraception is quite inadequate among primiparous college faculties in Xi ’ an.The proportion of unexpected pregnancy within 1 year after childbirth is 9.4%.Most of the primiparas show their pressing need for postpartum contraceptive knowledge .The hospitals, communities and family planning departments should increase health education and provide more specific guidance on postpartum contraception .
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