目的：调查陕西地区女初中生月经初潮年龄分布及其相关因素，为今后进一步开展青春期教育及卫生保健提供理论依据。方法2014年9月至2015年3月期间，采用随机分层抽样的方法对陕西地区6355名初中女学生进行问卷调查，调查的主要内容包括年龄、身高、体重、初潮年龄，城市与农村环境、平素饮食习惯，并对结果进行统计分析。结果调查人群平均月经初潮年龄为13．67±0．98岁；调查对象中城市2236人，农村4119人，城市女生初潮年龄显著早于农村女生（12．85±0．87岁 vs 13．69±0．96岁，t＝34．4098，P＜0．05）；以面食为主的女生初潮年龄显著早于以大米为主的女生（12．49±0．74岁vs 13．55±0．85岁，t＝76．1985，P＜0．05）；体重越重、身高越矮的女生，其初潮年龄越早（r值分别为－0．129、0．015，均P＜0．05）。结论陕西地区初中女学生月经初潮年龄适中，月经初潮年龄与体重、身高、城乡生活环境及平日饮食有关。%Objective To explore the distribution of female junior middle school students ’ menarcheal age and its relative factors in Shaanxi Province , so as to provide a theoretical basis for further development of adolescence education and health care .Methods A total of 6 355 female students of junior middle school in Shaanxi area were selected by stratified random sampling method and investigated by questionnaire which included(age, height, weight, menarcheal age, urban and rural environment,and eating habits Results of the survey were analyzed.Results The average menarcheal age was 13.67 ±0.98 years old.Among the surveyed students , 2 236 lived in urban area while 4 119 in rural area.The average menarcheal age of city females was significantly younger than that of the rural ones (12.85 ±0.87 vs 13.69 ±0.96, t=34.4098, P<0.001).The average menarcheal age of female students who consumed flour as the major staple food was significantly earlier than those who consumed rice as the major staple food (12.49 ±0.74 vs 13.55 ±0.85, t=76.1985, P<0.001). The heavier and the shorter a student was , the earlier the menarcheal age was (r value was -0.129 and 0.015, respectively, both P<0.05).Conclusion The average menarcheal age of the female students of junior middle school in Shaanxi Province is moderate .The menarcheal age is associated with weight , height, urban and rural living environment as well as diet .
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