目的探讨儿童专科医院肾内科住院患儿医院感染的特征及预防措施。方法采用前瞻性监测与目标性监测相结合的方法，对2010年1月至2012年12月住院患儿医院感染监测资料进行汇总分析。结果3年内共监测病例4597例，发生医院感染312例，医院感染率为6．79％；不同年份医院感染发生率有所不同，2011年医院感染率较高（占8．33％），2012年发生率较低（占5．59％），经比较具有显著性差异（χ2＝9．35，P＜0．05）；不同季度医院感染发生率比较无显著性差异（χ2＝6．13，P＞0．05）；感染部位以上呼吸道占首位，为62．05％。结论针对患儿医院感染的特点，加强医护人员的培训，严格无菌操作，做好消毒隔离工作，提高手卫生的依从性，是防止医院感染发生的重要措施。%Objective To explore the characteristics of nosocomial infection of hospitalized children in nephrology department of children hospital and preventive measures .Methods A combination method of prospective monitoring and targeted monitoring was used to collect and analyze nosocomial infection surveillance data of hospitalized children from January 2010 to December 2012.Results Among the total of 4 597 monitored cases in the last 3 years, 312 cases of nosocomial infection were observed , and the infection rate was 6.79%.The incidence of nosocomial infection in different year was different .In 2011 the nosocomial infection rate was 8.33%, which was higher than that in 2012(5.59%), and the difference was significant (χ2 =9.35, P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the incidence of nosocomial infection among different quarters (χ2 =6.13, P>0.05).Upper respiratory tract infection ranked first , occupying 62.05%. Conclusion According to the characteristics of children with nosocomial infection , important measures to prevent hospital infection include strengthening the training for medical staff , strict aseptic operation , disinfection and isolation work , and improving hand hygiene compliance .
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