Objective To study the nutritional status of lodging primary school students in Chunhua of Shannxi province and its correlation with element content , and explore the influence of malnutrition and element deficiency on growth and development , so as to provide evidence for intervention .Methods Random cluster sampling was used , and 585 lodging primary school students of grade 3-6 were selected in 3 schools in Chunhua County of Shannxi province .The height, weight, hemoglobin, nutritional status and eating habit were assessed with questionnaire .The flame atomic absorption method was adopted to detect the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium and manganese .Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrum method , atomic fluorescence method and catalysis chromatometry were adopted to detect the content of lead , selenium and iodine , respectively, with hair at back of head .Results The average height and weight of the lodging primary school students in Chunhua were lower than the average level in rural areas of Shaanxi province ( t value was 4.651/3.250 and 2.396/2.854, respectively, both P<0.05).The excessive skinny rate and emaciated rate was 36.0%, which was significantly higher than the average rate in rural areas (χ2 value was 5.381 and 6.295, respectively, both P<0.05).Overweight rate was 4.0%and the obesity rate was 1.1%, which were significantly lower than the average levels in rural areas of Shaanxi province (χ2 value was 6.887 and 5.946, respectively, both P<0.05).The hyphemia rate of the lodging primary school students was significantly higher than the average level in rural areas of Shaanxi province , and it was significantly higher in girls than in boys at same age (χ2 value was 6.147 and 7.239, respectively, both P<0.05).The ratio of carbohydrate was too high in their dietary structure (126%), and the energy, protein, lipid and all kinds of essential elements in growth and development were severe deficient .Meanwhile , vegetables and high quality protein intake was deficient .The characteristic of dietary structure was serious lack in energy , high grade protein and lipid .The content of copper , zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine in hair was significantly lower than normal range for children of the same age ( t value was 2.145, 2.450, 6.124, 5.561, 0.025 and 0.041, respectively, all P<0.05).The zinc deficient rate was highest (46.8%), followed by calcium and iron(32.5%and 29.2%respectively).The lack rate of iron and calcium was significantly higher in girls than in boys (χ2 value was 4.583 and 4.064, respectively, both P<0.05).There was positive correlation between the nutritional status and the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine, but the lead content was negatively correlated with nutritional status (F value was 3.197 and 3.011, respectively, both P<0.05).The correlation index between nutritional status and BMI in boys and girls was 0.398 and 0.355 (P<0.05), respectively, and Rohrer index in boys and girls was 0.649 and 0.718(P<0.01), respectively.Conclusion The irrational dietary structure and serious shortage of kinds of nutrients in lodging primary school students lead to retardation .The prevalence of hyphemia and malnutrition is relatively high .The nutritional status of lodging primary school students is positively correlated with the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine , but negatively correlated with the content of lead .Considering the element content in hair , Rohrer index used to comprehensively assess the nutritional status of primary school students is more objective .%目的了解陕西省贫困县寄宿小学生营养状况及其与体内微量元素的关系，探讨儿童营养不良及元素缺乏对其生长发育的影响，为进一步制定小学生营养干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，抽取陕西省淳化县3所寄宿学校中3～6年级寄宿小学生585名，对其身高、体重、血红蛋白，营养状况及饮食习惯进行问卷调查。收集枕后发样，采用火焰原子吸收法检测发样中铜、铁、锌、钙、锰含量；石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅含量；原子荧光法检测发样中硒含量；催化比色法测定碘含量。结果陕西省淳化县寄宿小学生男、女生平均身高、体重均低于陕西省农村地区平均水平（ t值分别为4．651/3．250、2．396/2．854，均P＜0．05）；小学生过度瘦弱及瘦弱率达36．0％，显著高于陕西省农村地区平均水平（χ2值分别为5．381和6．295，均P＜0．05）；超重率为4．0％，肥胖率为1．1％，显著低于陕西省农村地区平均水平（χ2值分别为6．887和5．946，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小学生贫血率显著高于陕西省农村地区平均水平，同年龄女生贫血率显著高于男生（χ2值分别为6．147和7．239，均P＜0．05）；膳食结构中碳水化合物所占供能比例过大，高达126％，而能量、蛋白、脂类及各种人体生长发育必需的元素严重摄入不足，且缺乏蔬菜和优质蛋白质的摄入，而呈现为能量摄入、优质蛋白、脂类严重缺乏的饮食特点；寄宿小学生头发中铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量均显著低于同年龄儿童正常值范围（t值分别为2．145、2．450、6．124、5．561、0．025、0．041，均P＜0．05），其中锌缺乏率最高，达46．8％，其次为钙缺乏和铁缺乏，缺乏率分别为32．5％和29．2％，且女生头发中铁、钙缺乏率明显高于男生（χ2值分别为4．583、4．064，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小学生营养状况与铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量呈正相关关系，与铅含量呈负相关关系（ F值分别为3．197、3．011，均P＜0．05）。综合评价营养状况与身体质量指数的相关性：男生为0．398，女生为0．355，均P＜0．05；与Rohrer的相关性：男生为0．649，女生为0．718，均P＜0．01。结论寄宿小学生的膳食结构不合理，各种营养素摄入严重不足，导致生长发育迟缓；贫血、营养不良患病率偏高；寄宿小学生营养状况与铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量呈正相关关系，与铅含量呈负相关关系；对小学生营养状况评价时，采用Rohrer指数，结合小学生头发中元素含量进行综合评价，更能客观地体现小学生的综合营养状况。
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