The existence of the sea surface is bound to affect the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from marine targets.When dealing with the composite scattering from targets over a sea surface by applying high-frequency EM theories,the total scattering field can be decomposed into three parts in low sea states,namely,the direct scattering from the sea surface,the direct scattering from targets and the coupling scattering between the sea surface and targets.With regard to high sea states,breaking waves make the direct scattering from the sea surface and the coupling scattering more complicated.To solve this issue,a scattering model is proposed to analyze the composite scattering from a ship over a rough sea surface under high sea states.To consider the effect of breaking waves,a three dimensional geometric model is adopted together with Ufimtsev's theory of edge waves for the scattering from a breaker.In addition,the coupling scattering between targets and breaking waves is taken into account by considering all possible scattering paths.The simulated results indicate that the influence of breaking waves on the scattering field from the sea surface and on the coupling field is non-negligible,and the numerical results also show the effectiveness of the proposed scattering model.
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