Deafness is one of the most common diseases that bother humans. Cochlear implantation (CI) is an effective treatment and rehabilitation for severe/profound sensorineural deafness. There are about 40 thousand of those patients have received CI in China. Usually, residual hearing was not preserved after CI, although preservation of residual hearing, and cochlear fine structure and inner environment, was useful for hearing and language recognition. This article will summarize, analyze, and discuss the reasons of loss of residual hearing after CI, the definition and significance of residual hearing preservation, and procedures and concept of residual hearing preservation, including development of electrode, surgical protocol, and adjuvant medication, with a perspective for future development of residual hearing preservation.%耳聋是困扰人类的最常见的疾病之一.人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implantation,CI)是治疗和康复重度-极重度感音神经性聋最有效的方法 ,我国已开展CI手术约4万例.既往行CI后残余听力常常丧失,而残余听力、耳蜗微细结构和内环境的保留对于患者的听觉和言语识别能力均有积极作用.本文从CI术后残余听力保留的定义和分级,CI术后残余听力丧失的原因,以及残余听力保留的措施如植入电极的发展、手术操作方法 改进、辅助用药等方面进行分析和讨论,并对保留残余听力未来的发展做展望.
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