Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the technology that utilizes microorganism to convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. MFCs have attracted more and more attention without external energy consumption and secondary pollution during operation. Soil is the "natural medium" for exoelectrogenic microorganisms, it contains various organic matters and large microbial population. In recent years, soil MFCs have shown great research and application potential in electricity generation, soil pollution evaluation and restoration. In this paper, recent research and application of MFCs in electricity generation, organic pollutants degradation, heavy metal pollution remediation, greenhouse gas reduction, biosensorsetc, are comprehensively introduced; the reactor configuration, electrodes and the populations of exoelectrogenic microorganisms in the current research of soil MFCs are summarized; and the main issues in the research and application of soil MFCs and research prospects are proposed.%微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)是一种利用产电微生物将化学能直接转化为电能的技术,其在运行期间不消耗外界能量且无二次污染,日益得到人们的广泛关注.土壤因富含有机质和庞大的微生物种群,是产电微生物的"天然培养基".近几年来,以土壤为基质的MFCs在产电、土壤污染评价和修复等方面展现了较大的研究潜能和应用前景.本文全面介绍了目前MFCs在土壤产电、有机污染物降解、重金属污染治理、温室气体减排以及生物传感器等方面的应用研究;总结了目前土壤MFCs研究中应用的反应器构型、电极和产电微生物种群;在此基础上提出了以土壤为基质的MFCs在研究及应用过程中存在的主要问题,并对其研究前景进行展望.
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