木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生有机碳资源,将其高效转化为化学品或燃料,对缓解全球能源危机和解决环境污染问题具有重要意义.离子液体因对木质纤维素具有独特的溶解性能,近年来作为新型溶剂在生物质转化中获得广泛应用.综述了离子液体用于木质纤维素预处理及化学转化的最新研究进展,包括纤维素溶解、木质纤维素组分分离、纤维素水解制葡萄糖、六碳糖及纤维素催化转化制5-羟甲基糠醛以及碳水化合物的其他转化途径等,同时对基于离子液体平台的生物质转化技术存在的挑战、未来发展趋势及工业化前景进行了展望.%Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable organic carbon resource in the world. Using lignocellulose as feedstock for the sustainable production of chemicals or fuels is of great significance to the alleviation of energy crisis and environmental impact. Owing to their excellent solubility for cellulose and other carbohydrates, ionic liquids are widely used as a kind of novel solvents in biomass conversion. This review summarizes the latest representative achievements in the use of ionic liquids for the pretreatment and conversion of lignocellulose, including cellulose dissolution, isolation of lignocellulose components, cellulose hydrolysis, production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates, and direct conversion of cellulose or raw biomass in ionic liquids. The challenges and future research trends of ionic liquids-mediated biomass conversion are suggested.
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