为实现对煤矿采空区灾害的精细探测,基于采空区类型划分、地面物探方法特点及适用性研究、综合物探案例分析,进行了地面综合物探方法优化.结果表明:煤矿采空区地面精细综合探测应采用2种或2种以上的物探方法,做到地震类方法与电磁类方法相配合、同类物探方法相补充,测网密度布置及参数设定符合探测任务要求;埋深小于50 m的极浅采空区宜采用探地雷达法和高密度电阻率法探测;埋深50～ 150 m的浅层采空区宜采用浅层地震法、瞬变电磁法或高密度电阻率法探测;埋深150～400 m的中深采空区宜采用地震法、瞬变电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法或音频大地电磁法探测;埋深大于400 m的深层采空区宜采用三维地震法、可控源音频大地电磁法、音频大地电磁法或瞬变电磁法探测.%In order to realize fine comprehensive geophysical detection for coal mine goafs,based on the analysis of type classification,characteristic and applicable conditions of the mature surface geophysical methods,comprehensive geophysical cases,the optimization of surface comprehensive geophysical methods was carried out.The results showed that in order to achieve accurate comprehensive surface detection,two or more comprehensive geophysical detection methods should be adopted.Among them,the very shallow goafs with depth less than 50 m were fit for ground penetrating rada method and multi-electrodes resistivity method;the shallow goafs with depth between 50 m and 150 m were fit for 2D seismic method,Time domain electromagnetic method or Muhi-electrodes resistivity method;the medium-depth goafs with depth between 150 m and 400 m were fit for 2D or 3D seismic method,time domain electromagnetic method,controlled-source audio magnetotellurics method or audio magnetotellurics method;the deep goafs with depth more than 400 m are fit for 3D seismic method,controlled-source audio magnetotellurics method,audio magnetotellurics method or time domain electromagnetic method.
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