This paper puts forward a routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoc networks called Ant-Based Energy-Aware Routing Protocol (ABEAR), which is based on ant colony optimization (ACO). ABEAR starts the route setup procedure reactively by sending out artificial ants to find paths to the destination node. In the routing computation for data packets, ABEAR considers not only the global information but also the local information of every node, including the pheromone values, the link-quality and congestion metric, and the remaining energy of the next hop. Incorporating these information in the routing computation makes the neighbors with less remaining energy and links with high congestion be less selected. Nevertheless, based on the cross-layer methods, ABEAR turns off the idle network interfaces safely to conserve energy while guaranteeing the basic connectivity of the ad hoc network, and avoids network partitioning. In this way, ABEAR can balance life time and other network performance metrics, including packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay. The simulation results on the NS2 platform show that ABEAR outperforms AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing) greatly in terms of life time, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay.%本文提出了基于蚁群优化(ACO)算法的Ad Hoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议(ABEAR).协议按需发送人工蚂蚁进行路由发现,综合节点残留的信息素浓度、下一跳节点剩余能量、节点周围链路质量和拥塞情况选择下一跳节点来转发数据包,尽量避开信道使用频率较高的路径,减少了因信道冲突、数据包丢失和数据包重传所造成的能量损失,还缩短了网络传输时延,提高了网络吞吐量.协议还采用跨层机制根据MAC层通信活动情况,在保证网络连通性的前提下使部分空闲节点转入睡眠状态来节省能量消耗.仿真表明,与AODV协议相比,ABEAR协议在网络生存时间、数据包交付率和端到端平均时延方面均有较大改善.
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