According to the characteristics of the freight trains, the authors designed a train goods monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, and gives the general structure of the system, and introduced the carriage wireless sensor node, hardware design of gathering the node and its software process. This system uses AT86RF212 for the core of sensor nodes, and realizes the carriage air temperature and humidity, illegal invasion internal, smoke parameters, such as the real-time data acquisition, and sends the information to converge node. System uses STM32 for control core of convergence node, and collects each carriage sensor node information for storing and processing. When there are illegal invasion, fire, and other information, the system will report to the predefined mobile phone users through the GSM real-time . The experiment shows that the system structure is simple, reliable. The maximum deviation of temperature is 0. 2C, and the deviation of moisture is 4%. When the illegal invasion or smoke occurred, it will sound and light, and the alarm information. Will be sent out.%针对货运列车的特点,设计了一种基于无线传感器网络的列车货物实时监测系统,给出了系统的总体结构,并介绍了车厢无线传感器节点、汇聚节点的硬件设计及其软件流程；系统以AT86RF212为传感器节点的核心,实现对货运列车车厢内部空气温湿度、非法入侵、烟雾等参数进行实时采集,并将信息发送到汇聚节点；以STM32作为汇聚节点的控制核心,收集各个车厢传感器节点采集的信息,对采集的信息进行存储、分析处理,当有非法入侵,火灾等信息时,进行声光报警,并通过GSM实时报告给预先设定的用户手机；实验证明:该系统结构简单、稳定可靠,温度测量的最大误差是0.2℃,湿度测量误差是4％,当有人非法入侵或者出现烟雾时,系统会声光报警,同时手机会接收到报警信息.
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