For three-dimensional space where distributed nodes for gathering water information, whole network' s mathematic model is build based on MATLAB, radio energy dissipation model is introduced, and fittest counts of cluster for network is presented. Through analyzing characteristic of network and LEACH protocol, LEACH protocol is improved for this network. Clusters are chosen in nodes which have unequal energy on period. And, every cluster, which exchanges data with other nodes by radio, communicate with sink directly. Results of simulation in MATLAB indicate that improving LEACH protocol can improve energy distribution between nodes; network can be used in water monitoring system.%针对水情无线传感器的立体空间中的网络分布问题,建立了无线网络数学模型；基于数学模型中节点与节点间的能量扩散模式,利用该模型研究网络中节点数据传输的能量消耗形式,计算出基于本节点能量消耗模型的LEACH算法所要推举最佳簇头个数；通过分析LEACH算法,提出在水情监测环境立体空间中分布节点且节点所储存能量不同情况下LEACH改进算法,采用轮循机制分别在不同能量储备节点中推举簇头,稳定阶段各个簇头采用星型拓扑与汇聚节点进行数据通信,簇成员与簇头进行数据传输；最后,利用MATLAB对改进算法进行了仿真,结果说明改进后的算法使网络所消耗的能量均匀地分布到各个网络节点上,可以可靠地应用到实际水情监测环境中.
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