量子技术将在未来深刻影响密码学以及信息安全行业.可以利用上千个量子比特运行量子算法的通用量子计算机将直接威胁信息安全基础算法,导致当前广泛使用的RSA等公钥密码被破解,也会使分组密码算法的密码强度减半.量子通信中量子密钥分发的实施会改变传统保密通信的物理结构.这些重大应用价值也是发展量子技术的驱动力.结合当前一些关于量子技术的热点新闻,从量子计算和量子通信两个方面分别综述了量子技术对信息安全技术的影响.同时简要介绍了这些技术的最新发展现状,包括通用型和专用型量子计算机的发展、量子密钥分发技术实验室环境的进展以及天地一体化量子通信网络的发展状况等.最后对信息安全技术的未来形态做了思考和总结.未来量子技术将会与现有各种技术深度融合,共同存在.%Quantum technologies should have a profound impact on cryptography and information security industry in the coming age.The general quantum computers,which can run quantum algorithms by thousands of qubits,posing a serious threat to the fundamental algorithms of information security.The famous RSA algorithm and other public key ciphers will be broken and the cryptographic strength of block ciphers will be halved.The implementation of the quantum key distribution in quantum communication must alter the physical construction of traditional secure communication.These important application values are also the driving factors for developing quantum technologies.Combining with the current hot news of quantum technologies,the effects to information security technology were reviewed from two perspectives,quantum computation and quantum communication,respectively.Meanwhile,the status of the new developments in these technologies was briefly introduced,including the advances of general and specific quantum compu-ters,the progress of quantum key distribution made in laboratory conditions and the state of development of the space-ground quantum communication network.In the end,the future form of information security technology was given with a summary.In future,the quantum technologies will deeply integrate and co-exist with various existing technologies.
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