Node localization is crucial to wireless sensor network and both academia and industry pay much attention to it all the times. Existing localization methods are not suitable for three-dimensional terrains due to their design for planar applications,but in realistic application, the sensor nodes always distribute in three-dimensions,so study on the localization in three-dimensions will be much more in line with the actual application. According to the shortage of some existing algorithms proposed for three-dimensional space, a novel three-dimensional localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks was proposed. This algorithm needs no additional hardware support This scheme establishes a vector space model based on the number of the anchor nodes from the communication range of unknown node,and when estimating unknown node coordinate,anchors in the unknown node communication region constraint the estimation range of unknown nodes. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is of great advantages in low communication o-verhead and improving coverage rate of location and location accuracy.%节点定位在无线传感器网络的应用中起着重要作用,一直备受学术界和工业界的关注.现有的大多数定位算法针对平面应用而设计,而现实应用中的无线传感器网络节点往往分布在三维空间中,研究三维空间定位更加符合实际节点的应用情况.针对目前三维空间定位算法的不足,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位算法.该算法无需额外的硬件支持,根据未知节点通信范围内锚节点数目,建立空间向量模型进行定位;并且在估计未知节点坐标时,根据该未知节点通信范围的锚节点对其所在位置进行约束.仿真结果表明,该算法通信开销小,提高了节点定位覆盖率和定位精度.
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