Public transportation is not only a significant symbol of the urban modernization ,but also an optimal approach of solving urban crowded traffic problem. The bus line search algorithm is the key technical query system. This paper summarizes the algorithm of public transportation optimum route choice of foreign and urban cities, and analyses the realization conditions and influence factors for effective running. The paper introduces the shortest path problem and Dijkstra algorithm and analyzes the drawbacks of its application in bus line query. Then the optimal travel route choice algorithm of mathematical model based on the smallest transfer is proposed, and the implementation of the algorithm is given. Based on the data of the public transportation company Yinchuan, a bus information query system design and development is completed .% 公共交通不仅是衡量城市现代化程度的重要标志也是解决交通拥堵问题的途径。而公交线路查询系统的关键技术是公交线路查询算法，它对提高公交资源的利用率有着重要的意义。总结了国内外城市公交最优路径算法并在此基础上分析了高效运行城市公交系统的条件和影响因素。介绍了最短路径问题及 Dijkstra 算法及其在查询系统应用中的弊端。然后提出了基于换乘最小的广度优先算法的数学模型，给出了算法的实现，并以银川市公共交通公司的公交部分数据为基础，完成了公交信息查询系统的设计与开发。
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