油包水乳状液的微观特性是影响乳状液稳定性的重要因素。为了降低采出液破乳难度、减小管线运输负担，有必要弄清楚乳状液的微观特性。影响油包水乳状液稳定性的微观因素主要有四部分：乳滴的大小、形状以及分布，乳状液界面张力，界面膜性质和界面剪切黏度。阐述了影响乳滴大小、形状、分布主要因素的研究进展，并简要介绍了乳状液液滴粒径分布的测量方法；报告了油包水乳状液界面张力大小主要影响因素的研究现状；阐述了界面膜的分子密度与机械强度对油包水乳状液稳定性的影响；对乳状液界面剪切黏度的影响因素进行了研究，对界面剪切黏度的研究现状作出评述，并介绍了测量界面剪切黏度的方法。%The microcosmic characteristicsof W/Oemulsionarean important factor affecting emulsion stability. In order to reduce the difficulty of produced liquid demulsification and reduce the burden of pipeline transportation, it is necessary to understand the micro characteristics of the emulsion. Microscopic factorsto affectthe stability ofW/O emulsionhavefour parts: the emulsion droplet size, shape and distribution, interfacial tension, interfacial film properties and interfacial shearviscosity. Inthispaper, researchprogress of the main factors influencing the emulsion droplet size, shape and distributionweresummarized, and themeasurement methodofemulsion droplet size distributionwasintroduced. Main influence factors of interfacial tension of the emulsionweredescribed.Effects ofthe interface membrane molecular density and mechanical strengthon the stability of the emulsionwereelaborated. The influence factors of emulsion interfacial shear viscositywerestudied. Andthe measurement method of interfacial shear viscosity was introduced.
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