管道安全关系到人类生命和财产安全，及时掌握管道结构健康状态是确保管道安全运行的重要前提。光纤传感技术的不断发展，使其在各个领域得到广泛研究与应用，特别是为管道结构的安全监测提供了技术保障。介绍了分布式光纤传感、光纤光栅传感、阵列复用传感、以及光纤智能传感的基本原理及关键技术，对其性能和特点进行了对比分析。在此基础上，阐述了各种光纤传感技术在管道监测中的具体应用，包括管道结构监测、管道泄漏监测以及管道腐蚀监测。通过对传感技术的不同应用进行比较分析，总结了各传感技术应用的特点和进一步研究发展的方向，指出光纤传感技术在管道监测方面具有的巨大优势和广泛的应用前景。%Pipeline security is related to the human life and property, and monitoring the state of pipeline structural health in real time and on-line is the precondition to ensure pipeline security. Optical fiber sensing technology has been developed and applied in various fields, which provides excellent technical support for pipeline security monitoring. In this paper, the principle and key technology of the distributed fiber sensing system, fiber grating sensor, arrayed fiber sensing system, and fiber sensor with the intelligence structure were introduced, and their performances and features were further analyzed. Application of optical fiber sensing technologies in pipeline structure safety monitoring was presented and analyzed thoroughly, including pipeline structural monitoring, pipeline leakage detection, and pipeline internal corrosion monitoring. Research achievements of each technology were illustrated. Merits and defects of these technologies were described, and development trend of these technologies was proposed. It’s pointed out that using optical fiber sensing technologies to monitor pipeline security has bright prospect and many advantages.
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