碳捕捉与封存技术指将二氧化碳从工业生产过程中最大限度分离出来，输送到指定地点封存，并与大气长期隔绝过程。CO2捕捉技术有燃烧前捕捉、燃烧后捕捉和富氧燃烧捕捉三类，且各具优缺点和适用情况，实际应用应根据具体情况具体分析；CO2常用输送方式有管道输送、船舶输送和罐车输送三类，对于大规模长距离应首选管道输送，长距离海洋输送应首选船舶输送，对于短距离小输量应首选罐车输送；CO2封存一般有四大类封存方式：海洋封存、矿石碳化、地质封存和工业利用，其中地质封存对减排贡献最大，矿石碳化和工业利用贡献有限，海洋封存仍处研究之中。%Carbon dioxide capture and storage technology is to separate CO2 from industry and to transport to a pointed place for storage. CO2 capture technologies include three measures:pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxygen-enriched combustion capture. Each measure has advantages and disadvantages, and the suitable technology should be chosen according to particular case. CO2 common transportation methods include three modes of pipeline transportation, marine transportation and tanker transportation. For long distance and large quantities,the pipeline transportation should be chosen; for long distance ocean transportation,shipping transportation should be chosen;For little throughput and short distance, the tanker transportation should be chosen. CO2 storage methods include four types in general. They are ocean sequestration, mineral carbonation, geological storage and industrial use. Among them the geological storage has the largest contribution to emission reduction, the mineral carbonation and industrial use have limited contribution, and the ocean sequestration is still in studying.
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