The basic principle and the theromodynamic theory of magnetocaloric effect(MCE)have been introduced.The metods how to express and measure the MCE have summerized and the selection principle of magnetic refrigerant has been given.The development of magnetic refrigerants at different temperature ranges for the last 120 years has been reviewed and the development trend of magnetic refrigerant has been provided.%简要介绍了磁致冷的原理、热力学构架，简述了磁热效应的表征和测试方法，总结了磁致冷材料的选择依据，概述了近120年来各温区磁致冷材料的研究进展及最新研究成果，并展望了磁制冷材料的发展趋势。
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