National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine;
Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering;
Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering;
First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University;
Xi’an 710061;
Shaanxi Province;
China;
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery;
First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University;
Xi’an 710061;
Shaanxi Province;
China;
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Acute kidney injury; Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery; Surgical intensive care unit; Arterial lactate; Sepsis;