半城市化地区是城镇发展过程中形成的不同传统二元城乡结构、土地利用混杂交错且变化迅速的地域类型.该地域城镇发展问题突出,社会矛盾集中,研究该地区半城市化发展特征对深化认识城镇发展,推进半城市化向城市化转变具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.为探析半城市化地域的土地利用特征和形成机制,以潮州市潮安区古巷镇为例,综合研究其土地利用演变规律、空间分布特征、土地利用效率和土地利用转移矩阵,并借鉴程序框图思维,创新半城市化机制研究,发现:2001-2016年间研究区建设用地和未利用地增加,2001年、2006年、2011年和2016年人均建设用地分别为137.3、197.5、257.8和194.5m2,超出国家法定水平,耕地、园地和坑塘水面面积减少.工矿用地增长速度快,分布范围广,单位工业用地产值仅692.6元,低于国家水平,存在用地比例过高、增长速度过快以及用地产出效率低等问题.城乡居民用地面积变化缓慢,其人均用地面积先增后减,符合国家规范要求.矩阵转移分析结果表明:建设用地的增加主要是来自耕地、园地、坑塘水面和未利用地.农用地是该地区最容易受到侵占的用地类型.以卫生洁具产业为核心的工业发展是古巷镇建设用地变化的主要驱动力,为半城市化地域形成提供了基础条件.农民充分的自主发展权以及政府监管、规划引导缺位是半城市化地域形成的根本原因,如不介入管理和引导,环境恶化和本地人口外流将进一步促进半城市化地区的固化.%Semi-urbanized area is a type of regions characterized by its dual urban-rural structure and mixed,rapidly changed urban and rural land use.In order to understand semi-urbanization phenomenon and promote the urbanization development in semi-urbanized areas,this paper,taking Guxiang Town in Chaoan District,Chaozhou City,as an example,studies the land use of the town from 2001 to 2016,and uses program chart to explore its formation mechanism.It is found that:over the past 15 years,construction and unused land significantly increased.In 2001,2006,2011 and 2016,per capita construction land reached 137.3,197.5,257.8 and 194.5 m2,respectively,beyond the national legal level.Meanwhile,cropland,garden land and ponds decreased sharply.Industrial land grew fast,almost covered all the villages,the per unit output value was only 692.6 yuan,below the national level.That shows the problems of excessive industrial land use proportion and excessively fast growth rate,and low efficiency of land use.Built-up land changed slowly,its per capita land area firstly increased and then decreased,complying with the requirement of national standard.Analysis of the conversion matrix table shows that,the increased construction land is mainly from cropland,garden land,ponds and unused land.Agricultural land is the most vulnerable land use type to be encroached.Industrial development,especially sanitary ware industry development,drove Guxiang Town,s construction land to increase,providing basic conditions for semi-urbanization.Excessive autonomous right to development for farmers and the absence of government regulation and planning guide are the root causes for semi-urbanized areas formation.If things continue this way,the environmental degradation and the outflow of local population will further promote the solidification of the semi-urbanized areas.
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