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首页> 中文期刊> 《生态环境学报》 >不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤和大麦植株镉累积的影响

不同施肥措施对双季稻田土壤和大麦植株镉累积的影响

         
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Fertilization is the key factors that affecting heavy metal Cd accumulation in paddy soil and crop plant. It is necessary to assess the variation characteristics of heavy metal Cd accumulation in paddy soil and crop plant under long-term fertilization managements, which helps rational fertilization and healthy soils in the double-cropping rice area. Therefore, our objective was to explore the heavy metal Cd accumulation in paddy soil and barley plant at barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) mature stage with different long-term fertilizer managements in the double-cropping rice system. we analyzed the Cd accumulation in the surface soil and barley plant with mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice residues plus mineral fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% mineral fertilizer (LOM), 60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer (HOM), and without fertilizer (CK) basis on 31 years long-term fertilizer experiment. The results showed that the soil total and available content of Cd were significantly increased by 36.67%, 80.91% and 141.86%, 79.07% with HOM and LOM treatments, respectively, compared with the CK. The accumulation and bio-content factor (BCF) of Cd in different parts of barley plant were the highest in root, followed by leaves and stems, and the lowest in grain. Meanwhile, the Cd content in root, leaves and grain of barley plant were increased 0.270, 0.235, 0.039 mg?kg-1 with LOM treatment, and the Cd content in stem of barley plant were also increased 0.076 mg?kg-1 with RF, respectively, compared with the CK. The soil Cd individual polluting index (PCd) under different fertilization treatments was varied from 1.100 to 1.990, and the PCd was larger than 1. And the PCd for different fertilizer managements was following as HOM>LOM>CK>MF>RF. Meanwhile, the PCd with LOM and HOM treatments were higher than that of the MF, RF and CK treatments, and there is not significant difference between MF, RF and CK treatments. As a result, long-term application of chemical fertilizer and rice residues incorporation had no obvious effect on the accumulation of Cd in paddy soils, and significant Cd accumulation has occurred as taken the incorporation of organic fertilizer into soils.%施肥措施是影响稻田土壤和作物重金属镉(Cd)累积的关键因素之一,探讨长期定位施肥后稻田土壤和作物Cd累积的变化特征,为双季稻区科学施肥和土壤环境保护提供科学理论依据.以双季稻田长期定位施肥试验为研究平台(31年),分析了5种施肥措施[化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)、30%有机肥+70%化肥(LOM)、60%有机肥+40%化肥(HOM)和无肥(CK)]对土壤和大麦植株Cd累积的影响.结果表明,与CK处理相比,HOM和LOM处理均显著提高了大麦成熟期稻田耕层(0~20 cm)土壤Cd全量和有效态含量,分别提高了36.67%、80.91%和141.86%、79.07%.大麦植株Cd积累量和富集系数均以根系为最高,其次是叶和茎,籽粒为最低.LOM处理提高了大麦植株根系、叶和籽粒Cd含量,分别比CK处理增加0.270、0.235和0.039 mg?kg-1;RF处理提高了植株茎Cd含量,比CK处理增加0.076 mg?kg-1.各施肥处理稻田土壤重金属Cd单项污染指数变幅在1.100~1.990之间,其PCd均大于1,表现为HOM>LOM>CK>MF>RF,其中LOM和HOM处理PCd均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);MF、RF和CK处理间PCd均无显著性差异.以上结果表明,长期施用化肥和秸秆还田条件下,稻田土壤未见明显的Cd积累,但有机肥施用条件下稻田土壤呈现显著Cd积累.

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