With the growth of economics population, the aquaculture industry in coastal areas developed rapidly. Therefore, the influence of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes from aquaculture areas can not be ignored. In this study, variations of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes at water-air interface in the daytime were determined using a floating chamber- gas chromatography method in shrimp pond from June 2013 to April 2014 in the Yellow River estuary. Meanwhile, some of environmental factors were also measured. The results showed that the ranges of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes were -71.1403~7.2786, -0.0058~0.0165, -0.0020~0.0079 mg·m-2·h-1, and the mean values were -36.3475, 0.0059, 0.0027 mg·m-2·h-1, respectively, indicating that the culture pond acted as an emission of CH4 and N2O and consumption of CO2. Seasonal variations of greenhouse gases from culture pond were observed, the fluxes of CH4 and N2O were large at high temperature. Correlation analysis results showed that temperature, salinity, SO42-, Cl- concentration and phosphorus had a certain influence on greenhouse gases fluxes, and the correlation between salinity and N2O flux, and SO42- and CO2 flux reached significant level. The greenhouse gas fluxes of the Yellow River delta aquaculture pond were different from that of natural water and other aquaculture ponds, which might due to geographical differences, breeding way, use of fungicides and so on. In addition, culture pond was seriously affected by anthropogenic activities, and the greenhouse gases emission were complicated and might be controlled by the interactions of multiple controlling factors, which needed further research. The results of this study have certain significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of aquaculture influence on regional climate change, and deepening the impact of human activities on global warming.%随着经济的增长和人口的增加,沿海地区养殖业迅速发展,故养殖区水-气界面的CO2、CH4和N2O交换通量对大气中温室气体浓度的影响不容忽视.以黄河三角洲神仙沟(桩11)南部的养虾塘为研究对象,于2013年6月—2014年4月,采用漂浮箱-气相色谱法对养殖塘白天水-气界面CO2、CH4和N2O通量进行观测,并同步测定养殖塘部分环境因子.结果表明,黄河三角洲养殖塘CO2、CH4和N2O的通量范围分别为-71.1403~7.2786、-0.0058~0.0165、-0.0020~0.0079 mg·m-2·h-1,均值分别为-36.3475、0.0059、0.0027 mg·m-2·h-1,整体上表现为从大气吸收CO2的汇和向大气排放CH4和N2O的源.养殖塘温室气体通量存在明显的季节变化特征,在温度较高的夏秋季,CH4和N2O排放通量较大.相关性分析结果表明,温度、盐度、SO42-、Cl-和磷水平对养殖塘温室气体具有一定的影响,且盐度与N2O通量、SO42-浓度与CO2通量之间的相关性达到显著水平.黄河三角洲养殖塘温室气体通量与自然水体和其他地区养殖塘存在较大差异,其中,地理位置的差异、养殖方式、杀菌剂的使用等环境因子和人为因素的作用显著.此外,养殖塘作为受人为干扰严重的水体,表现为多因子共同作用的结果,这一结论还有待于进一步的研究.研究结果对于综合评价水产养殖对区域气候变化的影响,深化人类活动对全球变暖的影响认识具有一定意义.
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